Sunday, May 10, 2020

Design Pattern - Builder The Rescuer

Consider a situation where
- A Consuructor has too many arguments.
- We need to solve incorrect object state.
BankAccount account = new BankAccount(4456L, "Huston", "South Avenue", 100, 6);
BankAccount anotherAccount = new BankAccount(876L, "San Francisco", null, 6, 100); 

Builder comes as a savior... Here is how?

public class BankAccount {
    public static class Builder {
        private long accountNumber; //This is important, so we'll pass it to the constructor.
        private String owner;
        private String branch;
        private double balance;
        private double interestRate;
        public Builder(long accountNumber) {
            this.accountNumber = accountNumber;
        }
        public Builder withOwner(String owner){
            this.owner = owner;
            return this;  //By returning the builder each time, we can create a fluent interface.
        }
        public Builder atBranch(String branch){
            this.branch = branch;
            return this;
        }
        public Builder openingBalance(double balance){
            this.balance = balance;
            return this;
        }
        public Builder atRate(double interestRate){
            this.interestRate = interestRate;
            return this;
        }
        public BankAccount build(){
            //Here we create the actual bank account object, which is always in a fully initialised state when it's returned.
            BankAccount account = new BankAccount();  //Since the builder is in the BankAccount class, we can invoke its private constructor.
            account.accountNumber = this.accountNumber;
            account.owner = this.owner;
            account.branch = this.branch;
            account.balance = this.balance;
            account.interestRate = this.interestRate;
            return account;
        }
    }

    private BankAccount() {
        //Constructor is now private.
    }
}
//Client
BankAccount account = new BankAccount.Builder(1234L)
            .withOwner("Marge")
            .atBranch("Springfield")
            .openingBalance(100)
            .atRate(2.5)
            .build();

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